Oswald dari Northumbria

Santo Oswald
dari Northumbria
Santo Oswald; dari Northumbria
	Sebuah lukisan abad ke-12 St Oswald di Katedral Durham
Lahir	s. 604; Deira, Northumbria
Meninggal	5 Agustus 641/642
Dihormati di	Gereja Katolik, Persekutuan Anglikan, Eastern Orthodoxy
Kanonisasi	Pre-Congregation
Tempat ziarah	Bardney Abbey, Lincolnshire, Inggris; relik kemudian dipindahkan ke St Oswald's Priory, Gloucester, England [1]
Pesta	5 Agustus

Oswald (bahasa Inggris Kuno: Osuualde;^[1] s 604 – 5 Agustus 641/642^[2]) adalah Raja Northumbria dari 634 sampai kematiannya, dan dimuliakan sebagai orang kudus,^[3] dimana ini menjadi sebuah kultus pada Abad Pertengahan.^[4]

Oswald adalah putra dari Æthelfrith dari Bernicia dan berkuasa setelah menjalani masa di pengasingan. Setelah mengalahkan penguasa InggrisCadwallon ap Cadfan, Oswald membawa dua kerajaan Northumbria, Bernicia dan Deira kembali berada di bawah penguasa tunggal, dan mempromosikan perkabaran agama Kristen di Northumbria.

Catatan

^ https://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED19344&egs=all
^ Bede gives the year of Oswald's death as 642, however there is some question as to whether what Bede considered 642 is the same as what would now be considered 642. R. L. Poole (Studies in Chronology and History, 1934) put forward the theory that Bede's years began in September, and if this theory is followed (as it was, for instance, by Frank Stenton in his notable history Anglo-Saxon England, first published in 1943), then the date of the Battle of Heavenfield (and the beginning of Oswald's reign) is pushed back from 634 to 633. Thus, if Oswald subsequently reigned for eight years, he would have actually been killed in 641. Poole's theory has been contested, however, and arguments have been made that Bede began his year on 25 December or 1 January, in which case Bede's years would be accurate as he gives them.
^ See entry for 5 August Diarsipkan 2017-06-18 di Wayback Machine..
^ Craig, Oswald

Referensi

Adomnán, Life of Saint Columba translated and edited Richard Sharpe. ISBN 0-14-044462-9
Bede (731). Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum. (as Leo Sherley-Price (trans.) (2008). Farmer, D. H.; Latham, Ronald E., ed. The Ecclesiastical History of the English People. Penguin Classics. Penguin. ISBN 978-0-14-044565-7. )
Bailey, Richard N., "St Oswald's Heads", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (1995, 1996). ISBN 1-871615-51-8
Brooks, Nicholas, "The formation of the Mercian kingdom", in S. Bassett (ed.), The Origins of Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms (1989).
Craig, D. J. (2004). "Oswald (St Oswald) (603/4–642), king of Northumbria" (berlangganan atau keanggotan Perpustakaan Umum Britania Raya diperlukan). Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/20916. Diakses tanggal 20 July 2012.
Karkov, Catherine E. (2004). The Ruler Portraits of Anglo-Saxon England. The Boydell Press. ISBN 1-84383-059-0.
Kirby, D.P., The Earliest English Kings (1991, 2000). ISBN 0-04-445692-1
Pelteret, David A.E. "Oswald: d. 642," Reader's Guide to British History (London: Routledge, 2003) online in Credo Reference. Historiography
Remfry, P.M., Annales Cambriae. A Translation of Harleian 3859; PRO E.164/1; Cottonian Domitian, A 1; Exeter Cathedral Library MS. 3514 and MS Exchequer DB Neath, PRO E (ISBN 1-899376-81-X)
Rollason, David, "St Oswald in Post-Conquest England", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (1995, 1996).
Stancliffe, Clare, "Oswald, 'Most Holy and Most Victorious King of the Northumbrians'", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (1995, 1996).
Stancliffe, Clare, "Where Was Oswald Killed?", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (1995). ISBN 1-871615-51-8
Tudor, Victoria, "Reginald's Life of St Oswald", in C. Stancliffe and E. Cambridge (eds), Oswald: Northumbrian King to European Saint (1995, 1996). ISBN 1-871615-51-8
Ziegler, Michelle, "The Politics of Exile in Early Northumbria", The Heroic Age, Issue 2, Autumn/Winter 1999.

Bacaan tambahan

Adams, Max (2013), The King in the North: The Life and Times of Oswald of Northumbria. ISBN 1781854181

Pranala luar

Oswald 1 di Prosopography of Anglo-Saxon England
"St. Oswald, King and Martyr", Butler's Lives of the Saints
Patron Saints Index Diarsipkan 2001-11-22 di Wayback Machine. - Saint Oswald of Northumbria

[1] ttps://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/m/mec/med-idx?type=id&id=MED19344&egs=all

[Poole-2] Bede gives the year of Oswald's death as 642, however there is some question as to whether what Bede considered 642 is the same as what would now be considered 642. R. L. Poole (Studies in Chronology and History, 1934) put forward the theory that Bede's years began in September, and if this theory is followed (as it was, for instance, by Frank Stenton in his notable history Anglo-Saxon England, first published in 1943), then the date of the Battle of Heavenfield (and the beginning of Oswald's reign) is pushed back from 634 to 633. Thus, if Oswald subsequently reigned for eight years, he would have actually been killed in 641. Poole's theory has been contested, however, and arguments have been made that Bede began his year on 25 December or 1 January, in which case Bede's years would be accurate as he gives them.

[3] See entry for 5 August Diarsipkan 2017-06-18 di Wayback Machine..

[4] Craig, Oswald

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